Losing weight can be one of the most challenging health journeys, especially when diet and exercise alone don’t deliver lasting results. That’s where weight loss medication comes into play — offering support for people who need more than willpower to reach and maintain a healthy weight.
In this guide, we’ll break down the most commonly prescribed medications for weight loss, who qualifies for them, what risks they carry, and how they work alongside sustainable lifestyle changes. Whether you’re just exploring your options or want to better understand a drug your doctor mentioned, this article is built to be practical, accurate, and helpful.
What Is Prescription Weight Loss Medication?
Prescription weight loss medications are drugs approved by the FDA that help patients manage obesity or overweight conditions. These are typically used when:
- A person has a BMI of 30 or higher, or
- A BMI of 27 or higher with at least one weight-related condition (like high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes)
They are not a standalone solution but can enhance results when paired with healthy eating, physical activity, and behavioral changes.
Most Common FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications
Let’s explore the medications your doctor might consider:
1. Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic)
Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It slows digestion, curbs appetite, and reduces food cravings.
- Brand names: Wegovy (for weight loss), Ozempic (off-label use)
- Ideal for: Adults with obesity or overweight and related conditions
- Average weight loss: 10–15% of body weight
2. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)
A newer GLP-1/GIP dual agonist showing even greater efficacy than semaglutide in trials.
- Brand name: Mounjaro (currently FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes, under review for weight loss)
- Average weight loss: Up to 20% in some trials
3. Bupropion-Naltrexone (Contrave)
This combination targets the brain’s hunger and reward centers, helping reduce cravings and emotional eating.
- Ideal for: Individuals with mood-related eating habits
- Considerations: Can raise blood pressure, not suitable for everyone
4. Phentermine-Topiramate (Qsymia)
Combines a stimulant (phentermine) with a migraine/epilepsy drug (topiramate). It reduces hunger and increases satiety.
- Commonly prescribed: For short-term use in conjunction with diet
- Side effects: Tingling in hands/feet, dry mouth, sleep disruption
5. Orlistat (Alli, Xenical)
Blocks fat absorption in the digestive tract. Unlike others, it doesn’t affect hunger or brain chemistry.
- Available OTC: As Alli (lower dose)
- Side effects: Gastrointestinal discomfort, oily stools
Are Weight Loss Medications Right for You?
These medications are most appropriate if:
- You meet the BMI criteria (27+ with health risks, or 30+ on its own)
- You’ve struggled to lose or maintain weight with diet and exercise
- You’re ready to commit to a long-term lifestyle change
- You have no conflicting health conditions (your provider will check this)
They may not be right if:
- You’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy soon
- You have uncontrolled mental health disorders
- You use certain medications that might interact
Always consult a provider — they will assess your health, risk factors, and goals before prescribing anything.
How Long Do You Need to Stay on Medication?
Weight loss medications are typically part of a long-term treatment strategy, not a short-term fix.
Some, like GLP-1s (semaglutide, tirzepatide), require ongoing use to maintain results. Studies show that stopping them often leads to weight regain if lifestyle changes aren’t in place.
Others, like phentermine, are approved for short-term use (12 weeks or less) and may be used periodically under supervision.
What to Expect: Results and Side Effects
On average, people lose 5–15% of their starting weight in the first 6–12 months, depending on the medication and individual adherence.
Common Benefits:
- Decreased appetite or fewer cravings
- Improved blood sugar control
- Enhanced energy or mood with weight loss
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Fatigue, dizziness, or headaches
Most side effects subside within a few weeks, especially when medications are introduced gradually.
Supporting Medications with Healthy Habits
No medication will work effectively without changes to your routine. Think of these medications as boosters, not foundations. What helps most:
- A moderate calorie deficit tailored to your metabolism
- A mix of strength training and cardio for long-term fat loss
- Mindful eating, sleep regulation, and stress management
- Support systems (friends, coaches, or apps)
Alternatives to Prescription Medications
If you’re not a candidate — or simply prefer not to use medication — there are still other evidence-based tools:
- Behavioral therapy or coaching (often covered by insurance)
- Medical nutrition therapy with a registered dietitian
- Digital programs like Noom or WeightWatchers
- Prescription-free supplements (used cautiously — many lack solid research)
Final Thoughts
Weight loss medications can make a real difference for people facing persistent struggles with their weight — especially when health conditions are involved. But they’re not for everyone, and they work best as part of a structured, long-term plan.
If you think medication might be the right next step, talk to a licensed provider. Ask questions. Weigh the benefits and trade-offs. And above all, remember: weight loss success isn’t just about the number on the scale — it’s about building a healthier, more confident you.
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please speak with your healthcare provider before starting or changing any medication.